凉州城的守军见证了一场农业革命。
凉州本地的守军,看见元帅军带着农具操持农事,看见的热闹;而真正跟元帅军交过手的李鸿嗣,算是内行,能看出元帅府远征军的门道儿。
就在几日之间,元帅军从最早的锄头、人力播种,全面列装了三脚耧车的畜力机械播种,随后更多的耕牛和驴子加入,又增加了六脚耧车,播种效率大大提升。
两个营从最开始的昼夜交替轮防,三天耕完一片地,变成甘州营凌晨举火播种,到正午把一片地全部播种,完事直接撤到后方;接替的肃州营直接换个地方营地,从傍晚开始劳作,围着凉州城疯狂播种。
凉州军看着元帅军在城外干得热火朝天,本来还挺高兴的,但李鸿嗣认识到这个问题——这些农具都是新造的。
耧车每个脚上都有铁铧,用驴子拉的三脚楼车有三个铁铧,用耕牛拉的六脚耧车有六个铁铧,而洪承畴明明在凉州方圆百里完成了彻底的坚壁清野,这就出现了一个问题。
耧车所需的木料,肯定是从永昌、山丹等地制造,那些地方有大量军匠,也备有大量农具,大概率在卫制造,拉到凉州附近组装,关键的问题出在铁铧上。
元帅军在几天的时间里,在凉州附近拉出数百架耧车,这意味着他们要短时间内铸造出数千只铁铧,这些铁铧要么是在刘承宗抵达凉州之前,就已经在甘州等地铸造——要么,就是刘承宗在凉州附近开了铁场。
前者没什么好令人的担忧的,后者则意味着,刘承宗在离凉州城很近的地方,拥有了大规模铸造铁器的能力。
作为与元帅府正面交手过的将领,他早就领教过刘承宗的重火力,深知在铸造火炮的技术上,明军跟元帅军没有任何壁垒,甚至某种程度上,刘承宗的炮更好。
守军对元帅军在城下耕种,都抱有乐观心态,但李鸿嗣唯独害怕,刘承宗是有备而来,在战场上铸造重炮。
他怕对了。
就在蜂尾针和丁国栋两个营轮番耕种的时间里,刘承宗在五十里外的丰乐堡建立了一座铸炮厂,并开了三条物料输送路线。
最远的一条线,是从山丹的龙首山铁厂把铁料、铜料送抵前线,再由刘承宗在丰乐堡率匠人督造重型火炮。
设计火炮对刘承宗来说是一项陌生的工作,但他手边实在没有掌握模数的人才了,即使派人询问河湟的师成我也来不及。
因为师成我掌握的模数,一是早年在三原由王徵教授的千斤炮模数,二来就是在山西跟高迎祥一同算数实验出来的狮子炮模数。
对于超过千斤的重型火炮,就算是师成我的人在这,也不知道该以什么样的比例合适,只能通过计算、实验来拿出成果,这对刘承宗来说,太慢了。
因此他决定亲自上阵,拉出一门千斤炮进行测量,拿到了一门炮的全部模数。
这项工作并不难,刘承宗身边有严格按照模数铸造的青铜炮,一经测量,他发现这玩意非常严谨,各部位俱有比例,最重要的是口径。
依靠口径,就能把炮身各部位比例反推出来。
炮口外径厚度,是两倍口径,炮身最厚的火门与药室外侧,则是三倍口径,药室到炮尾的厚度与口径相等,炮身的整体长度则是口径的十八倍。
也正是这次亲自测量火炮模数,让刘承宗发现,元帅府列装的大小两种火炮,倍径比作为野战炮其实有点低了。
不过刘承宗并没有在没弄懂原理的情况下,擅自更改参数的习惯,对于新造的攻城炮,他依然选择使用十八倍口径的长度,只不过他把口径扩大了,让人铸了一颗二十斤重的铁炮弹。
随后依照这颗铁炮弹的直径,增加三分游隙,定下了四寸八分的口径,随后计算出火炮各项参数,交付匠人,以制造泥模和铁模,准备同时进行铸炮。
铁模还有另一个名字,叫铁范,最早可以追溯到战国时期,就用来铸造农具,直到明代,大部分农具都是这样铸造出来的,包括刘承宗用在凉州城下的铁铧,也是这么铸的。
这项技术没有应用于铸造火炮的原因只有一个,农具是很便宜的消耗品,对韧性的要求也不高,铁范铸造因为冷却较快,出的是很脆的生铁,完全能满足大部分农具的使用环境,铁范铸造能快速、大批地生产大量农具。
而火炮是完全不一样的东西,它非常需要韧性。
因此刘承宗对军匠一提出铁模铸炮,匠人们就提出了自己的忧虑。
人们说技术上难度不大,无非是需要动一点脑筋,毕竟谁也没拿铁范铸造过这么大件儿的东西。
最大的问题是,拿铁模铸炮,炮会炸。
铁范本身,就不是铸造高质量、高价值、高要求物品的技术。
军匠们对愿意与他们为伍的大帅刘承宗很尊敬,同时也知道刘承宗看重技术,因此不介意给他多讲一点。
他们告诉刘承宗,元帅府使用泥模铸炮的质量很好,是大明最普遍的铸炮技术,同时还有泥模失蜡法铸炮,造出的火炮比单纯泥模更好,内部外部都很光滑,不需要再修缮,但失蜡法最好在冬天使用。
这两种铸铁技术,铸出的铁炮质量远超铁模。
而天底下最好的铸炮技术在山西,山西有坩埚钢,刘承宗早年从白鹰子那缴获过一柄假造镔铁雁翅刀,出自山西刀匠之手。
这章没有结束^.^,请点击下一页继续阅读!
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